SKU: 22663287598

Hard carbon paper

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Description

Hard carbon paperProduct Name Name: Hard carbon paper Product Overview Hard carbon refers to carbon that is difficult to graphitize, usually obtained by thermal decomposition of cross linked resins with special structures at around 1000 C Common hard carbons include resin carbon, organic polymer pyrolytic carbon, and carbon black. Hard carbon is also a highly regarded negative electrode material in sodium ion batteries. The negative electrode material of sodium ion

Product Name

Name:Hard carbon paper


Product Overview

 

Hard carbon refers to carbon that is difficult to graphitize, usually obtained by thermal decomposition of cross-linked resins with special structures at around 1000 ¡ãC Common hard carbons include resin carbon, organic polymer pyrolytic carbon, and carbon black. Hard carbon is also a highly regarded negative electrode material in sodium ion batteries. The negative electrode material of sodium ion batteries, as the main body of sodium storage in batteries, plays a decisive role in the development of batteries. Compared with other negative electrode materials for sodium ion batteries, hard carbon has the characteristics of disordered internal crystal arrangement and large interlayer spacing, which enables the hard carbon negative electrode to store more charges at the same volume, improving the energy density and endurance of sodium ion batteries. Meanwhile, due to the larger pore structure of hard carbon, it can accommodate more sodium ions, resulting in more uniform expansion and contraction of the electrode during discharge, which increases its cycling stability, charge discharge performance, and prolongs the cycling life of sodium ion batteries. At present, sodium ion batteries have become a hot topic in research and industrialization both domestically and internationally. With the deepening of related research and the development of technology, the market size of hard carbon negative electrode materials is expected to continue to grow. However, there is still no unified understanding of the sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon, and further research is needed to reveal its structure-activity relationship with electrochemical reaction mechanisms, as well as to explore the influence of physical parameters of hard carbon materials on electrochemical performance.


Technical Parameter

 

Appearance:Black fibrous

Length:100-200μm(SEM)

Diameter:5-20μm(SEM)


Product Features

 

Difficult to graphitize: Even at high temperatures above 2500 ¡ãC it is difficult to graphitize.

Short range carbon layer stacking and long-range disordered structure: During the pyrolysis process, the carbon layer tends to grow in a planar direction, but the cross-linking structure in macromolecules hinders its planar growth. Therefore, the carbon layer in hard carbon cannot infinitely extend and grow into a graphite like layered structure, and can only exhibit a carbon layer stacking structure in the short range, while it remains disordered in the long range. Its structure is mainly composed of amorphous parts, with some carbon layers randomly stacked, resulting in defects and pores, while the other part of the carbon layer has a graphite microcrystalline structure, which has no orientation and is cross-linked with each other.

Large interlayer spacing and more micropores: Compared to graphite, hard carbon has a larger interlayer spacing and more micropores, which allows ions to be quickly inserted and removed. Correspondingly, there are more lithium storage active sites for ion insertion and removal, resulting in a larger specific capacity.

Excellent rate performance: Theoretically, hard carbon materials have good rate performance and can achieve high rate charging and discharging.

Long cycle life: The hard carbon structure is stable and has a long charge discharge cycle life.


Application Fields

 

New energy vehicles: Although there is still room for improvement in energy density and cycle life of sodium ion batteries, their performance indicators such as low temperature, safety, and fast charging are good, and they can be used in some new energy vehicles that do not require extreme endurance;

Large scale energy storage: With the rapid expansion of renewable energy generation such as solar and wind power, the demand for energy storage is also increasing. Sodium ion batteries have certain application prospects in the field of energy storage, and hard carbon as its negative electrode material can help improve the performance of energy storage batteries;

Consumer electronic devices, such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, etc., can meet the requirements of these devices for fast battery charging, safety, and other aspects;

Smart grid: In the smart grid, sodium ion batteries can be used in energy storage systems to help balance supply and demand, improve the stability and reliability of the grid;

Low speed transportation vehicles, such as electric bicycles, electric tricycles, etc., have relatively low requirements for battery weight and volume. Sodium ion batteries can be applied due to their cost advantage.


Related Information

Please e-mail for the detailed characterization data.

E-mail:[email protected]

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SKU: 22663287598

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JM Cook
Bozeman, US
★★★★★ 5
Cute and well made, fun toy for dogs of all sizes.
Color: Frog (Green)
My small dogs luv this toy, especially the handle part for playing tug of war. My peekapoo is only 14 lbs. but he loves to get a grip on the handle with his mouth and tug really hard which also stretches the body and makes the crunchy noises! My chihuahua loves it too and she tries to grab the eyes with her mouth. It is a very well made toy with a squeaker and light stuffing in the head which makes me feel good about letting them play with it. It is strong and very cute and I think they will have it for a long time.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 29, 2026
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K. Zander
Waukegan, US
★★★★★ 5
Octopus dog toy
My dogs love this toy! They love to play tug of war with it, using the rope legs. The legs will pull out if they are strong dogs! But if the dogs are having fun with it, it isn't a problem. One of my dogs has shredded some of the legs and put a hole in yhe body, but she is a strong chewer. There is a squeaker in the octopus body. They enjoy the toy, so I would recommend it.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 28, 2024
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Nile E Coyle
Draper, US
★★★★★ 4
Decent toy! Dog ripped off legs after a couple days.
As the title says the toy was pretty durable and it’s made of a good rubber which makes it durable. My dog is a medium sized pomsky and she had a hard time gripping the shell part. I stuffed the middle part with treats which by the way DO NOT do that. My dog got really frustrated bc the treats weren’t coming out and idk what happened bc she ended up gagging and coughing. No throw up tho so good enough for me. While my review seems pretty daunting it’s really not a bad toy if you make sure to keep an eye on the rope appendages.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 18, 2023
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Phil
Port Orchard, US
★★★★★ 5
New pup loves it
Our pup is a chewer but she doesn’t like normally toys or bones unless someone else is also playing with them with her. I searched for interactive toys and loved the little turtle so I decided to try it for her! We both work from home and play with her 80% of the day but that other 20% she needed a toy! My pup LOVES this toy (also loves the box that came with it haha). She plays with it by herself for a super long time and it keeps her entertained. She loves chewing it and also loves trying to get the treats. If you have a dog that’s picky about toys, this is a good one!
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Reviewed in the United States on August 17, 2024
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Susan M.
Phoenix, US
★★★★★ 3
Not indestructible
Color: Frog (Green)
Cute toy but easily chewed through fabric.
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